litaba

Indasteri ea ethylene Chaena e kene butle-butle nakong ea ho hōla, lihlahisoa tse theohileng tlaase haholo-holo PE, ethylene oxide (EO), EG, SM, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) le lihlahisoa tse ling.Ka 2020, mekhahlelo e mehlano ea lihlahisoa e bile karolo ea 97.2% ea kakaretso ea tšebeliso ea ethylene.Har'a bona, lefapha le leholo la tšebeliso ke PE, e ikarabellang bakeng sa liperesente tse 63.5 tsa kakaretso ea tšebeliso.Sena se ile sa lateloa ke EO le EG, tse ikarabellang bakeng sa 10.3% le 9.0% ka ho latellana (sheba setšoantšo sa 2).

1 |Mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea PE: tlhōlisano ea homogeneity e matla, phapang, tsoelo-pele e phahameng

Lihlahisoa tsa mantlha tsa PE ke linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), high density polyethylene (HDPE) mekhahlelo e meraro.PE e na le melemo ea theko e tlase le thepa e ntle ea lik'hemik'hale, 'me e sebelisoa haholo temong, indastering le bophelong ba letsatsi le letsatsi.Ho tloha 2016 ho isa 2021, matla a tlhahiso ea PE ea lapeng a ile a tsoela pele ho hola, ka sekhahla sa kholo ea 12%, ka kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 27.73 / selemo ka 2021.

Hona joale, lihlahisoa tsa PE Chaena li itšetlehile haholo ka thepa e akaretsang ea maemo a tlaase, 'me lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa PE li itšetlehile haholo ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling,' me ho na le mathata a hlakileng a tlhophiso, e leng phaello ea lihlahisoa tse tlaase le khaello ea lihlahisoa tse phahameng.Lilemong tse 'maloa tse tlang, ka keketseho e tsoelang pele ea matla a tlhahiso ea PE ea malapeng, tlhōlisano ea homogeneous e tla ba matla le ho feta,' me phetoho ea malapeng ea lihlahisoa tse phahameng e kholo.Ho nka mohlala oa lihlahisoa tsa metallocene polyethylene (mPE), hajoale tlhoko ea 'maraka oa lapeng e ka ba lithane tse 1 milione / selemo, mme tlhahiso ea China ka 2020 e ka ba lithane tse 110,000 feela.Lekhalo le leholo la phepelo le hlohlelletsa palo e kholo ea lihlahisoa tsa mPE tse tsoang kantle ho naha ho kena 'marakeng oa China.Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo hore PE e ntlafatse ka lehlakoreng la maemo a holimo le karohano.

2 |Mokhoa oa nts'etsopele ea EO oa ho kopanya le EO / EG flexible switching

EO e sebelisoa haholo-holo tlhahisong ea EG, 'me likhoebo tse ngata li sebelisa sesebelisoa sa kopanelo sa EO/EG.Ho feta moo, EO e ka boela ea sebelisoa libakeng tse fokotsang metsi, polyether, disinfection le masimo a sterilization.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka ho fokotseha butle-butle ha phaello ea 'maraka oa EG, boholo ba likarolo tsa tlhahiso ea EO / EG li ile tsa qala ho fetohela tlhahisong ea EO,' me li ela hloko tlhahiso e feto-fetohang ea bobeli, e le ho ntlafatsa melemo ea moruo.Bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea EO bo eketsehile haholo, empa tsoelo-pele ea lihlahisoa tse tlaase li kene nakong ea botlolo, 'me ketsahalo ea ho tšoana le homogeneity e hlakile.Lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong, tse kang polycarboxylic acid e fokotsang metsi a monomer, surfactant le ethanolamine, li 'nile tsa tobana le boemo ba ho ba le bokhoni bo feteletseng, tlhōlisano ea indasteri e bohale, sekhahla sa tšebeliso ea matla se fokotsehile.Ho fihlela sena, ka ho kopanngoa ha mohlala oa nts'etsopele ea holimo le tlaase, e tla ba e loketseng haholoanyane ho ntlafatsa tlhōlisano ea mantlha ea likhoebo tse kang ethylene, EO, EG, ho haha ​​​​ho polyether monomer (joalo ka polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether, allyl polyoxyethylene ether, methyl). allyl polyoxyethylene ether), polyoxyethylene nonionic surfactants (tse kang mafura a joala a polyoxyethylene ether) le ketane e feletseng ea indasteri, Tsoela pele ho atolosa tlaase, lihlopha tsa lihlahisoa tse ruileng.

3 |EG: ho atolosa ketane ea indasteri, sebopeho sa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa

EG ke sebaka sa bobeli se seholo sa ts'ebeliso ea ethylene.Ho tloha 2016 ho isa 2021, ka tlhahiso ea merero e mengata e meholo ea lik'hemik'hale tsa mashala le merero e kopantsoeng ea ho hloekisa le lik'hemik'hale, bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea EG bo ile ba eketseha selemo le selemo, ka kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea lithane tse limilione tse 21.452 / selemo ka 2021.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, matla a EG a 'nile a tsoela pele ho hōla, empa tlhokahalo e tlaase e fokotsehile, ho feta matla ho tla bonahala haholoanyane.Ho latela pono ea pheletso ea tšebeliso, EG ea rona e sebelisoa haholo ho hlahisa polyester, e ikarabellang bakeng sa sebopeho sa tšebeliso ea EG e fetang 90%, tšimo ea tšebeliso e batla e le 'ngoe, ho na le ketane e khuts'oane ea indasteri e tlase, sebopeho sa sehlahisoa se ts'oana, tlholisano ea theko e tlase. mathata a tebileng.

Nakong e tlang, re lokela ho eketsa ts'ebeliso le nts'etsopele ea resin ea polyester e sa tsitsang, oli e tlotsang, plasticizer, non-ionic surfactant, coating, inki le liindasteri tse ling ka katoloso ea ketane ea indasteri, butle-butle fetola boemo ba tšebeliso e le 'ngoe. ketane ea indasteri ho tloha ho tlhahiso ho isa ho ts'ebeliso, ho ntlafatsa boleng bo ekelitsoeng ba lihlahisoa, molemong oa ho fokotsa likotsi tsa mebaraka.

4 |Mekhoa ea SM: bokhoni bo boholo ba katoloso, botsitso ba indasteri e tlase

Karolo e tlase ea SM e sebelisoa haholo-holo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-polymer tsa styrene le li-polymer tse fapaneng tsa ionic, tse kang polystyrene e tukang (EPS), polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer (ABS), resin ea polyester e sa tsitsang (UPR), rabara ea styrene. (SBR), styrene copolymer (SBC) le lihlahisoa tse ling.Har'a bona, EPS, PS le ABS li etsa chelete e fetang 70% ea tšebeliso ea SM Chaena, 'me lihlahisoa tsa bona li sebelisoa haholo ka lisebelisoa tsa lapeng, lisebelisoa tsa elektronike, likoloi, thekiso ea matlo le liindasteri tse ling.

Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ka tlhahiso ea likarolo tse kholo tse tšehetsang li-SM bakeng sa ho hloekisa le ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale Chaena le ho eketseha ha merero ea tlhahiso ea propylene oxide / styrene monomer (PO / SM), bokhoni ba tlhahiso ea SM bo bontšitse mokhoa o tsoelang pele oa ho hōla. .Ho tloha 2020 ho isa 2022, tlhahiso ea SM e bone kholo e potlakileng, 'me ho lebelletsoe hore qetellong ea 2022, matla a tlhahiso a tla feta lithane tse limilione tse 20 / selemo.Ka tokollo e tsoelang pele ea bokhoni, mokhoa oa phepelo le tlhoko ea lehae o bile le phetoho e hlakileng, 'me thepa e tsoang kantle ho naha e theoha haholo le palo e nyane ea thepa e romelloang kantle ho naha.Kaha matla a macha a tlhahiso ea SM a le kholo ho feta a benzene e hloekileng ka 2021, lihlahisoa tse tala tsa benzene li maemong a haelloang, a hatellang phaello ea tlhahiso ea SM.Ho latela pono ea tšebeliso, har'a limmaraka tse tharo tse tlase, ke indasteri ea ABS feela e bolokang sekhahla se phahameng sa ts'ebetso, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata ho cheka keketseho ea phepelo e tlisoang ke matla a macha a tlhahiso ea SM.Ka lebaka leo, SM e angoa ke ho se lumellane pakeng tsa phepelo le tlhokahalo le tšehetso ea litšenyehelo, 'me boemo ba 'maraka bo bontša mokhoa o fapaneng oa ho oscillating.Qetellong ea 'maraka, "moruo oa lapeng" o bakiloeng ke seoa sa COVID-19 o ekelitse thekiso ea lisebelisoa tse nyane tsa lapeng.Ka nako e ts'oanang, boemo ba seoa bo ntse bo le matla linaheng tse ling, 'me ho romelloa ha lihlahisoa tsa thibelo ea seoa le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa malapa ho feta tebello, e leng se tsamaisitseng kholo ea tlhokahalo ea ketane ea indasteri ea SM le ho ntlafatsa phaello haholo.

5 |Mokhoa oa ntlafatso oa PVC: boleng le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho lia tsamaisana

PVC ke thepa ea pele ea bokahohle ea resin ea maiketsetso naheng ea rona.Ka ts'ebetso ea eona e ikhethang le karo-karolelano ea theko, e sebelisoa haholo lihlahisoa tsa indasteri le tsa bophelo ba letsatsi le letsatsi, e nang le khanyetso e ntle ea ho roala, e thibelang malakabe, ho hanyetsa kutu ea lik'hemik'hale le litšobotsi tsa ho kenya motlakase.Tlhahiso ea PVC haholo-holo e na le mefuta e 'meli ea ts'ebetso ea ho lokisa, e' ngoe ke mokhoa oa calcium carbide, lihlahisoa tse ka sehloohong tsa tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa ke calcium carbide, mashala le letsoai le tala.Chaena, e fokolitsoeng ke mohloli oa mashala a mangata, oli e se nang mafura le khase e nyane, mokhoa o ka sehloohong ke oa calcium carbide.Ts'ebetsong ea tlhahiso, ho sebelisoa mehloli e mengata ea metsi a hloekileng, 'me ho na le litšitiso tse kang tšebeliso e phahameng ea matla le tšilafalo.Ea bobeli, ts'ebetso ea ethylene, thepa e ka sehloohong e tala ke petroleum.'Maraka oa machaba ke haholo-holo ts'ebetso ea ethylene, e nang le boleng bo botle ba sehlahisoa, theknoloji e tsoetseng pele, ts'ireletso e eketsehileng ea tikoloho, joalo-joalo, e na le monyetla oa ho nka sebaka sa ts'ebetso ea calcium carbide nakong e tlang.

China ke mohlahisi e moholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng oa PVC, empa hape ke moreki ea ka sehloohong, 'maraka oa lapeng o boemong ba ho se sebetse hantle.Ts'ebetsong ea hona joale ea lefats'e ea polasetiki ho e-na le tšepe, polasetiki ho e-na le leano la lehong, fokotsa tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa liminerale le lehong tlas'a semelo, resin ea PVC e fihletse tsoelo-pele e kholo, 'maraka oa kopo o tlaase o tsoela pele ho atolosa, ka litlaleho tsa polasetiki, tšelo ea mali ea bongaka. li-tubes, mekotla ea tšelo ea mali, likoloi, lisebelisoa tse phophomang le likarolo tse ling tsa lihlahisoa li sebelisoa haholo.Ka ho potlakisa ts'ebetso ea ho aha litoropong tsa China le ntlafatso ea maemo a bophelo ba baahi, litebello le litlhoko tsa sechaba bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea tikoloho li 'nile tsa phahamisoa khafetsa.Karolo e ka tlaase ea indasteri ea PVC e kene sethaleng sa tlhōlisano e matla pakeng tsa boleng le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho, 'me tšimo ea kopo e' nile ea atolosoa ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele 'me mokhoa oa tsoelo-pele ea mefuta-futa o hlakile.

6 |ntlafatso ea lihlahisoa tse ling |

Lihlahisoa tse ling tsa ethylene tse tlaase, tse kang ethylene - vinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), ethylene - vinyl alcohol copolymer le ethylene - acrylic acid copolymer, epdm, joalo-joalo, tlaleho ea hona joale bakeng sa tse nyenyane haholo, tebello ea kopo ea batlang e tsitsitse, kopo ya jwale sharply atolosa tebello ke ke a bona, hape a ke ke a bona e nkeloa sebaka ke palo e khōlō ea litšokelo.Lihlahisoa tsa lehae tse phahameng tsa polyolefin ka kakaretso li lekanyelitsoe ke lithibelo tsa tekheniki tsa kantle ho naha, joalo ka ethylene-α-olefin (1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, joalo-joalo) copolymer, thekenoloji ea lapeng ha e hōlile, ho na le sebaka se seholo. bakeng sa ntshetsopele.Lihlahisoa tse ngata tse tlaase tsa ethylene li lumellana le tataiso ea tsoelo-pele ea sechaba le moruo le litlhoko tsa ntlafatso ea tšebeliso.Ka mohlala, tlas'a semelo sa carbon peak le ho se nke lehlakore ha carbon, indasteri ea photovoltaic e kena ka tsela e potlakileng ea tsoelo-pele, tlhokahalo ea lisebelisoa tsa EVA photovoltaic e tla eketseha ka lebelo le phahameng, 'me theko ea' maraka ea ethylene acetate e tla tsoela pele ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o phahameng. .

Ho lebeletsoe hore ka 2025, tlhahiso ea ethylene ea Chaena e tla feta lithane tse limilione tse 70 / selemo, e leng se tla finyella tlhokahalo ea malapeng, 'me ho ka ba le phaello.Tlas'a tšusumetso ea leano la naha la "taolo e habeli" mabapi le tšebeliso ea matla, indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale tsa mashala le indasteri ea petrochemical e tla tobana le teko e matla nakong ea Moralo oa 14th oa Lilemo tse hlano, e leng se tla baka ho hloka botsitso ho hoholo morerong oa ethylene o sebelisang mehloli ea mesaletsa ea khale. lisebelisoa.Boemong ba ho phahama ha khabone le ho se nke lehlakore ha khabone, likhoebo li eletsoa ho nahana ka botlalo mabapi le phokotso le ho emisoa ha tlhahiso ea khabone ha ho rera merero e joalo, ho nkela matla a khale ka matla a tsosolositsoeng le motlakase o hloekileng, ho felisa matla a tlhahiso ea morao-rao le ho fokotsa matla a feteletseng, le ho khothaletsa. phetoho le ntlafatso ea indasteri.

Ethylene le hydrogen tse hlahisoang ke morero oa ho phunyeha ha ethane ho ethylene ke lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tse hlokoang ke 'maraka oa malapeng, ka tebello e kholo ea tsoelo-pele le phaello e matla.E itšetlehile haholo ka thepa e tsoang linaheng tse ling, mehloli ea ethane ea malapeng, leha ho le joalo, ho na le mehloli e le 'ngoe e tala, lisebelisoa tsa phepelo e fanoeng, mathata a lipalangoang tsa leoatle, joalo ka kotsi ea "bona", e fana ka maikutlo a Komisi ea Naha ea Ntšetso-pele le Liphetoho le mafapha a mang a indasteri ho matlafatsa tataiso ea moralo. , likhoebo li kopana le maemo a tsona a sebele, li phethahatsa bokhoni ba morero, li qoba "ho beha, ho qhalakantsoeng"

Ethylene e ka tlaase ho noka haholo-holo lihlahisoa tse phahameng, li tla tlisa sebaka se seholo sa 'maraka.Tse kang mPE, ethylene-α-olefin copolymer, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, high carbon alcohol, cyclic olefin polymer le lihlahisoa tse ling e tla ba sepheo sa 'maraka.Nakong e tlang, merero e mecha e kang ho hloekisa le ho kopanya lik'hemik'hale, CTO / MTO, le ho phunyeha ha ethane ho tla fana ka lisebelisoa tse lekaneng tsa ethylene ho potlakisa nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea ethylene e ka tlaase ho tataiso ea "phapang, boemo bo phahameng le bo sebetsang".